Showing posts with label aid. Show all posts
Showing posts with label aid. Show all posts

Saturday, July 19, 2014

The Camp of the Saints

A few days after I arrived back in the U.S. I went to a comedy show with my brother.  One of the comedians did a skit about how, “When I was a kid if I wandered out of the front yard my mom would tie me to a tree.  Now there are kids walking all the way from Honduras to Texas.”  WHAT?  I have to admit I didn’t know about the so-called “Border Crisis” until that comedy show because we didn’t get any news about it abroad.

I recently read the book, The Camp of the Saints.  The book was written in the early 1970s by Jean Raspail about a mass immigration which led to the destruction of western civilization.  In the story nearly a million people board dilapidated ships in India and sail to France.  It takes two months for the ships to make their way to the Mediterranean, and the majority of the book focuses on the attempts of the western governments to figure out how to handle the approaching ships.  There is a significant amount of debate by various parties about whether the ships should be sunk to prevent the passengers from landing where they are not wanted, whether aid should be given to assist them and then they should be encouraged to go elsewhere, or perhaps, even continue circling the globe as a new, floating nation-state, or whether they should be welcomed with open arms and provided with food, medicine, lodging, etc.  Ultimately, as the ships approach French shores there is mass chaos as many private citizens flee to surrounding nations, the government and army essentially break down entirely and abandon their posts, and the few hold-outs are brutally robbed, raped, murdered and run out of their homes.  The illegal immigrants become an invasion that destroys everything in its wake.

When I was in Africa I was in a number of countries with refugee camps.  I don’t think the situation with the illegal immigrants flocking to the U.S. is a refugee camp situation- yet- but it does remind me of them.  I was reading recently that the reason so many unattended children are among the mass of immigrants is because the Dream Act and a law stating that children from non-border countries can be granted asylum.  I don’t claim to know the full details of that legislation, but I understand that before any decision is made regarding whether someone is granted asylum or returned home that they are being transported to shelters for medical attention.  Hearing about the more than 100 shelters set up across the country for these immigrants reminds me of the refugee camps I saw in Africa.

When I was in Congo I drove through a refugee camp which was opened 20 years ago after the Rwandan genocide.  Still today nearly two million people live in that camp.  The people living there are criminals who would be tried by The Hague for war crimes if they returned to Rwanda.  This refugee camp which has been in existence for two decades is barely five miles from the border with Rwanda.  The crazy thing is that once you cross the border into Rwanda there is another refugee camp.  This camp is maybe two miles over the border in Rwanda.  The camp still stands but it is empty.  I asked my driver about the empty camp.  He told me that the camp remains intact because whenever rebel action in Congo gets really bad hundreds of thousands of people cross the border.  Whenever the action dies down the people return, but it is, according to him, a major challenge for the Rwandan government to get them out of the camp and send them home.  He said the government will often dismantle the camp with the people still in it, forcibly take them to the border, and then they will rebuild the camp a few days later because they know they will need it again shortly.  Very often when they begin tearing down the camps the refugees will fight back and flee into the forests because they would rather wander around on their own than go home.
 
I don’t know what will happen regarding this current “Border Crisis.”  It sounds like this Dream Act may be becoming a bit of a nightmare.  But the one thing I did learn in Africa is that once you open your doors it is very hard to close them, and almost impossible to return to sender.

Thursday, July 3, 2014

The Samaritans: The Story of an African Aid Organization

In my last two blog posts I wrote about poverty alleviation and voluntourism, which are, in my opinion, two of the three parts of the African Aid problem.  The third problem with aid to Africa is NGOs, or non-governmental organizations.  NGOs are non-profit organizations which are privately created and not associated with any government or business.  My issue with NGOs is that anyone, and very often, everyone, feels compelled to start one.

At my conference last week someone approached me and asked me how I liked Botswana.  He told me he spent a few months there about ten years ago and really enjoyed it.  I asked him what he had been doing in Botswana.  He told me that he and a bunch of college friends started an aid organization (i.e. an NGO).  I asked him what happened to it… “I don’t know.”  In addition to sponsoring professors to teach and research overseas, Fulbright also has a student scholar program.  The two Fulbright students to Botswana this year created their own NGO while they were in country.  My guess would be that when those two students finish their Fulbrights and return to the U.S. that their NGO will have a short lifespan.
The problem with NGOs is that they tend to highlight quantity over quality.  I couldn’t find any statistics for Africa, which isn’t surprising as hundreds of NGOs are born and die here on the continent every month.  But according to UN estimates, India has over 2 million NGOs, meaning there is one NGO for every 400 Indians.  The fact that there is no standardization or oversight of these NGOs means that very often parallel projects are created which strain already limited resources, which subsequently leads to abuses.  And when I say abuses I mean MAJOR abuses.

Want to be a millionaire?  Go work for an NGO.  I have met several people during my time in Africa who are Regional Directors or some other big shot for an NGO.  The perks of working in-country include the following: free housing (first class housing with your own generators and water tanks so you don’t have to put up with the inadequacies of real African life), household help (house girl- the woman who cleans your house, i.e. maid; cook; driver; garden boy- the man that maintains your lawn; and nanny if you have children), full tuition paid for your children to attend school (the children attend expat schools which cost somewhere between $30,000 and $50,000 per kid), insurance (every kind of insurance you could possibly imagine or want), minimum of one month vacation annually, two (or more) business class roundtrip tickets home for you and all your dependents each year, severance package (typically 2-3 months pay because you need some time off to “recover” from living abroad) at the completion of your contract, and your annual salary (this typically STARTS around $250,000 which is completely unnecessary as the cost of living is so cheap in most of these places you could live like a king for about $20,000.  Given what I’ve stated here, let’s figure out the compensation for an NGO director with a family of four:
Housing & Vehicle Allowance: $35,000
Household help: $5,000 (these people don’t make much, but they make bank compared to others in the community since they are employed by an NGO)
School for two kids: $50,000 (let’s imagine school is cheap here)
Insurance: ??? (I have no idea)
Airline tickets for the family: $30,000
Completion of contract bonus: $60,000
Annual Salary: $250,000 (we will imagine this is an entry level NGO person)
Grand Total: $430,000

If you look at the earnings and expenditure statements of most NGOs you will see that only about 10-20% of their annual budget is actually spent on the people they are supposed to be helping.  The interesting thing is that Africa has finally begun to acknowledge this.  A filmmaker from Kenya created a television show called The Samaritans which is a sort of spoof about the NGO community.  Having spent a lot of time around NGOs while living here, I would have to say The Samaritans is one of the most accurate representations I’ve ever seen about what aid organizations do (or fail to do).  Below is a trailer about the show and if you would like more information, please click here.